What is an ovarian cyst?
Each month an ovary grows a small fluid-filled follicle that releases an egg. Sometimes the follicle keeps growing, or fills with fluid after the egg is released, forming a functional cyst. These are very common in women who have periods and usually go away by themselves within one to three cycles.
What other types are there?
- Dermoid cysts (mature teratomas): contain tissue such as hair or fat. They are almost always benign but do not go away on their own.
- Endometriomas: cysts caused by endometriosis, sometimes called chocolate cysts.
- Cystadenomas: cysts that grow from the surface of the ovary and can become large.
Most ovarian cysts are not cancer. The chance of a cyst being cancerous is low before the menopause and higher after it, which is why cysts in older women are assessed more carefully.
What symptoms do ovarian cysts cause?
Many cysts cause no symptoms and are found on a scan done for another reason. Larger cysts can cause a dull ache or heaviness on one side of the pelvis, bloating, pain during sex, or changes in your periods.
How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?
A pelvic ultrasound shows the cyst's size and appearance. A pregnancy test is usually done, and blood tests, including tumour markers, may be used in some cases to help decide on the next step.
How are ovarian cysts treated?
- Watchful waiting: small, simple cysts are often rechecked with a repeat scan after a few weeks or months.
- Keyhole surgery (laparoscopic cystectomy): for cysts that are large, persistent, painful or unusual on the scan. The cyst is removed and the ovary is kept wherever possible, protecting fertility.
This article is general information and does not replace a consultation with a doctor. If you are worried about your health, please book a visit or, in an emergency, call +65 6535 8833.
