What is HPV?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus passed on through close skin-to-skin sexual contact. Most infections clear on their own without causing problems. When certain high-risk types persist, they can cause changes in the cells of the cervix that may, over a number of years, develop into cervical cancer.
The HPV vaccine
The vaccine protects against the HPV types that cause most cervical cancers. In Singapore, it is offered to female students in Secondary 1 through the school-based vaccination programme.
- It works best when given before any exposure to HPV, which is why it is offered to young teens.
- The number of doses depends on the age you start. Younger teens usually need fewer doses.
- Women who missed it at school may still benefit. Women aged 18 to 26 may be able to use MediSave for HPV vaccination under the National Adult Immunisation Schedule. Ask your doctor whether it suits you.
Cervical screening
Vaccination does not protect against every type of HPV, so screening is still important after you have been vaccinated. Singapore's national guidance for women who have ever been sexually active is:
- Aged 25 to 29: a Pap test every 3 years
- Aged 30 to 69: an HPV test every 5 years
What happens during a screening test
The test takes a few minutes. A speculum is used to see the cervix, and a small soft brush collects a sample of cells. It may feel slightly uncomfortable, but it should not be painful. Let the doctor know if you feel anxious, as the test can be taken slowly.
If a result is abnormal
An abnormal result does not mean you have cancer. It usually means the cells need a closer look, sometimes with a magnified examination of the cervix called a colposcopy. Early changes can be monitored or treated before they become a problem.
This article is general information and does not replace a consultation with a doctor. If you are worried about your health, please book a visit or, in an emergency, call +65 6535 8833.
